When most people think of barndominiums, they picture rustic metal buildings sitting on open plots of land, blending rural charm with modern comfort. But what if you took that concept and flipped it—literally burying it underground? Could you build a barndominium that functions as an earth-sheltered home? The answer is: yes, but with some important caveats and considerations. In this post, we’ll explore what it means to build a barndominium underground, the benefits and challenges of earth-sheltered designs, and what it takes to make this unconventional dream a reality.
What Is an Earth-Sheltered Home?
An earth-sheltered home is a dwelling that is partially or completely covered by earth. This style of construction is centuries old and was historically used for insulation and protection against harsh climates. In modern terms, earth-sheltered homes come in two primary types:
- Bermed homes: Built above ground but covered with earth on one or more sides.
- Subterranean (underground) homes: Built entirely below ground or into hillsides, often with open fronts for natural light and ventilation.
These homes are known for their energy efficiency, noise reduction, and protection from extreme weather.
So, Can You Build a Barndominium Underground?
The short answer is yes—you can design and construct a barndominium that incorporates earth-sheltered principles. However, doing so deviates significantly from the traditional concept of a barndominium, which typically uses a metal post-frame structure.
To build underground, you’ll likely need to:
- Abandon typical metal frame systems in favor of reinforced concrete or structural insulated panels (SIPs)
- Engineer the structure to resist earth pressure and moisture
- Design for passive solar gain and ventilation
- Waterproof and insulate thoroughly
In essence, your underground barndominium will share more in common with bunker-style homes or green-roof houses than with traditional above-ground barn homes. But the customization and adaptability of barndominiums make it possible to blend both concepts.
Why Build an Underground Barndominium?
Let’s explore the key reasons homeowners might consider taking their barndominium below ground:
- Energy Efficiency
One of the biggest advantages of earth-sheltered homes is thermal regulation. The surrounding soil acts as insulation, maintaining a stable interior temperature year-round. This can drastically reduce heating and cooling costs.
- Storm and Disaster Protection
If you live in an area prone to tornadoes, hurricanes, or wildfires, an underground structure offers a natural defense. Buried barndominiums are less susceptible to high winds and flying debris, offering peace of mind and potential insurance benefits.
- Sustainability
Underground homes use less exposed surface area, which can minimize heat loss and environmental footprint. With the right design, you can incorporate passive solar energy, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting.
- Noise Reduction
Living underground means your home is naturally insulated from outside noise. This can be ideal for remote living, writers, musicians, or anyone seeking a quiet retreat.
- Aesthetic Appeal and Land Use
Building underground allows for a low-profile home that blends into the landscape. You can preserve your land’s natural beauty, reduce visual impact, and even use the surface for gardens or livestock.
Design Considerations for an Underground Barndominium
While the benefits are compelling, designing and building an underground barndominium comes with unique challenges that need to be thoughtfully addressed.
- Structural Engineering
Earth exerts immense lateral pressure on walls. Standard steel barndominium framing may not be suitable on its own. You’ll likely need:
- Reinforced concrete walls
- Load-bearing retaining walls
- Waterproof membranes and drainage systems
- Roof slabs engineered to bear both soil and environmental loads (like snow or rainfall)
- Waterproofing and Drainage
Water is the biggest threat to underground structures. Moisture intrusion can cause mold, structural damage, and interior discomfort. Your design should include:
- Perimeter drainage systems (French drains or sump pumps)
- Waterproof barriers on walls and roofs
- Sloped surfaces to direct water away from the building
- Proper ventilation to reduce condensation
- Ventilation and Air Quality
An underground home needs mechanical ventilation to maintain indoor air quality. Natural airflow is limited, so features like ERVs (Energy Recovery Ventilators), HVAC systems, and dehumidifiers are essential.
- Natural Light
Living underground doesn’t mean living in the dark. Consider:
- South-facing exposed walls for windows
- Skylights or solar tubes
- Atriums or courtyards
- Light wells and clerestory windows
A well-designed layout will maximize natural light and minimize the feeling of being “buried.”
- Egress and Safety
Building codes require that bedrooms and main living areas have proper egress—an emergency exit in case of fire or disaster. Make sure your underground barndominium includes:
- Egress windows or stairwells
- Fire-rated materials
- Backup power systems
Materials and Building Systems
Here are some of the most common materials and systems used in earth-sheltered construction that could be adapted for your underground barndominium:
- ICFs (Insulated Concrete Forms): Ideal for below-grade walls. They provide insulation and strength.
- Shotcrete or Gunite: Often used in domed or curved underground structures.
- SIPs (Structural Insulated Panels): Used in roofing or partially exposed areas for superior insulation.
- Green Roof Systems: Combine waterproof membranes with soil and plantings to create usable, insulated roof spaces.
While metal may still be used in some parts of the construction (like interior framing or open sections), it’s rarely the primary structural material in fully underground homes.
Cost Considerations
Building underground is typically more expensive upfront than traditional barndominiums due to:
- Specialized engineering
- Extensive waterproofing
- Excavation and site preparation
- Custom architectural design
However, these costs can be offset over time with energy savings, reduced maintenance, and potential longevity.
Legal and Zoning Issues
Before beginning any underground build, check with local authorities:
- Zoning Laws: Some areas may not permit underground or partially buried structures.
- Building Codes: Special rules apply for egress, waterproofing, ventilation, and insulation.
- Permitting: Your local planning department may require additional engineering reports and soil studies.
Consult with a qualified architect or engineer who has experience in alternative or underground housing designs.
Final Thoughts
Building an underground barndominium is an ambitious project, blending the functional charm of barn-style living with the eco-conscious advantages of earth-sheltered design. It’s not for everyone—and certainly not a plug-and-play process—but for those seeking resilience, energy efficiency, and a deep connection with the land, it can be an incredibly rewarding endeavor.
As with any specialized build, success lies in careful planning, expert consultation, and creative thinking. Whether partially buried or completely subterranean, your underground barndominium can stand as a testament to sustainable design and unconventional living.
Interested in designing your own earth-sheltered barndominium?
Reach out to a designer or architect who specializes in underground structures and sustainable home building. You can turn your underground dream home into a reality—one carefully planned square foot at a time.